当代国外教学空间组织启示

新的时代呼唤新的教育理念，新的教育理念需要新型教学空间。该文借鉴国外中小学教学空间实例，试从“办公——教室”、“教室——教室”、教室内部三个层次探讨新型教学空间的组织模式。     

Effect of feeding pattern and storage on the sludge settleability under aerobic conditions

The selection of filamentous bacteria is often assumed to be associated with specific microbial properties such as growth rate, substrate uptake rate, substrate affinity and potential for substrate storage. In this study we aimed to verify some of these factors. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) systems were used to scale-down aerobic activated sludge systems with an aerobic selector. Adding acetate in different aerobic feeding periods allowed us to simulate a variable relative size of aerobic selector with different bulk liquid substrate concentrations. The experiments showed that as expected, the aerobic fill time ratio (FTR(ox)) and the corresponding feast period, which can be assumed similar to contact time in an aerobic selector, had a strong effect on the sludge settleability. Promoting a strong substrate gradient in the SBR (FTR(ox)<5.4%) resulted in good sludge settleability (SVI<120mLg(-1)). Whenever acetate was added in a limiting rate (FTR(ox)>6.2%), a condition in which the acetate concentration in the reactor was always very low, the sludge settleability decreased (SVI>150mLg(-1)). Sludge settleability could be improved by changing the feeding strategy to a pulse feed. The maximum specific acetate uptake rate and poly beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production rate of bad settling sludge, including bulking sludge, was similar to well-settling sludge, which is not in accordance with the general assumptions that well settling sludge have a higher maximal substrate uptake rate and better storage capacities. An alternative hypothesis for the development of filamentous structures in biological flocs has been formulated. It is hypothesized that bulking sludge originates from the presence of substrate gradients in sludge aggregates. Whereas at low bulk liquid substrate concentration filamentous bacteria give easier access to the substrate at the outside of the flocs and thereby proliferate, at high bulk liquid substrate concentration there is no substrate advantage for filamentous organisms and smooth bacterial structures predominate. In this hypothesis there is no need for an intrinsic difference in kinetic parameters between floc and filamentous bacteria. Where presence of filamentous bacteria is related to process conditions, the presence of a specific filament is likely due to presence of a specific limiting substrate.     

数字照相量测在砂土地基离心试验中的应用

采用数字照相变形量测技术,利用笔者提出的适应岩土局部化变形特点的三步搜索图像分析算法,对砂土地基在离心机和重力场试验中的变形场与变形模式,进行了全面观测与分析,得到了地基的变形范围、滑动面位置与形状、变形局部化和剪切带特征,再现了地基的渐进性变形与破坏的全过程。实验成果可为相关岩土本构模型的建立、检验和改进提供参考依据。     

新型住区规划理念探索——以常熟市新市区滨江花园规划为例

传统的行列式及围合式的建筑布局模式已不再适应住区的发展及人的行为模式的需求.常熟市新市区滨江花园规划采用自由式住宅布局,形成带状公共空间,利用建筑与太阳方位角、风向夹角的关系改善住区微气候,并结合住区规划结构,形成多功能、人性化的网状交通结构.     

对结构静力弹塑性分析方法的几点改进

探讨了结构静力弹塑性分析方法的基本原理，指出了该方法目前存在的缺陷，基于模态Pushover法（MPA）提出了根据振型参与重量来确定对结构地震反应起主要影响的振型数以及两阶段的侧向力加载模式，并对确定结构目标位移的方法作了一些改进。采用动力时程分析法和改进的静力弹塑性方法，对一个优化钢框架结构的地震反应进行了数值模拟分析，其结果表明，采用本文改进的静力弹塑性分析方法对结构进行推覆分析，能较准确地模拟结构的地震反应，具有易操作、计算精度高的优点。     

模糊聚类分析在隧道围岩稳定性预测中的应用

应用模糊聚类理论,通过对杭新景高速公路隧道监测历史数据进行的聚类分析,依据模糊聚类和模糊模式识别、类别变量特征值与概率统计相关分析等模型,根据模糊聚类参数与预测因子的前期特征值,确定相应的类别变量特征值,建立类别变量特征值与预测对象之间的相关关系,利用此相关关系对隧道拱顶沉降速率进行了预测,从而判断围岩的稳定情况。     

喷汽式电熨斗火灾痕迹物证鉴定技术的研究

以一起火灾案例为线索，阐述了喷汽式电熨斗的工作原理和结构特点，分析和总结了喷汽式电熨斗残骸所呈现的痕迹特征，并通过金相分析方法和热分析方法对电熨斗的金属底板进行了技术鉴定，确定出各部位的受温程度，以及通过模拟试验的方法进一步验证了该电熨斗火前通电过热引起火灾的结论。     

徽式砖雕门楼

徽州明、清时期民居最引人注意的部位就是大门上方的砖雕。门楼作为建筑物入口的标志，采用考究的雕刻装饰手法构成各种不同造型，打破了在平整的白粉墙面上单调之感，达到古建的艺术美的效果。本文通过实例分析，详细介绍了门楼造型的种类、不同时代的工艺特点以及砖雕工序。     

新世纪的山水城市

论述了山水城市的概念形成及其产生背景,阐述了建设山水城市的内涵和意义,指出山水城市是21世纪中国城市发展的理想模式,从而达到改善人类生活环境,提高人类生活质量的目的。     

现代大城市居住空间扩展模式及其对天津的启示

本文分析了国内外一些大城市中典型的居住空间扩展模式，通过对此，总结出天津市居住空间扩展中应避免的问题，并结合天津市居住空间发展现状，对未来天津居住空间的发展提出相应建议。